A DOT (Department of Transportation) physical exam is a medical evaluation required for commercial vehicle drivers to ensure they are physically and mentally fit to operate safely. These exams are mandated by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) and must be conducted by a Certified Medical Examiner (CME).
Who Needs a DOT Physical?
You must take a DOT physical if you:
- Operate a commercial motor vehicle (CMV) with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 10,001 lbs or more.
- Transport hazardous materials requiring placards.
- Drive a vehicle designed to carry more than 15 passengers (including the driver).
Require a commercial driver’s license (CDL) for your job.
What to Expect in a DOT Physical Exam
The exam includes:
1. Medical History Review
The examiner will ask about:
- Past surgeries, illnesses, or medical conditions.
- Medications you take (prescription or over-the-counter).
- History of heart conditions, diabetes, high blood pressure, seizures, etc.
2. Physical Examination
The examiner will check:
- Vision: At least 20/40 in each eye (with or without correction).
- Hearing: Ability to hear a forced whisper at 5 feet or better.
- Blood Pressure & Pulse: To check for hypertension or irregular heartbeat.
- Urinalysis: Screens for underlying health issues (e.g., diabetes).
- General Health: Checks for neurological, respiratory, and musculoskeletal issues.
3. Additional Tests (If Needed)
- Sleep Apnea Screening: If risk factors are present (BMI over 40, excessive daytime sleepiness, etc.).
- EKG or Blood Tests: For those with heart conditions or other medical concerns.
DOT Medical Certificate & Validity
- If you pass, you’ll receive a DOT Medical Examiner’s Certificate (MEC), Form MCSA-5876.
- Certificates are valid for up to 2 years, but drivers with certain medical conditions (e.g., high blood pressure, diabetes) may get a shorter certification period.
What Can Disqualify You?
- Uncontrolled high blood pressure (above 180/110).
- Unmanaged diabetes or insulin use without an FMCSA exemption.
- Severe heart conditions, epilepsy, or recent stroke.
- Drug or alcohol dependency.
- Vision or hearing impairment that cannot be corrected to meet standards.